An instrument called a pH meter is used to evaluate the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, usually known as pH. The measurement device quantifies and identifies how alkaline or basic something is called pH. It is ranked from 0 to 14 on a scale of 1 to 10. If the concentration of the solution does not exceed one mM, pH is a parameter that can be determined between 0 and 14. Acidic solutions have a pH below 7, while alkaline solutions have a pH over 7. An instrument known as a pH meter tracks fluctuations in the concentration of hydrogen ions when a solution is present. 

Knowing the acidity of the water, which is widely used to measure using a pH meter, is significant since the speed and result of chemical reactions that take place in water generally depend on the acidification of the water. Understanding pH is helpful or needed in many applications, including chemical laboratory analyses. In addition to evaluating soil in agricultural works, water quality in water supplies provided by municipalities, swimming pools, and environmental remediation, pH meters are employed in factories, medicine, and healthcare institutions like blood chemistry. The range of circumstances in which pH assessments can be conducted has expanded because of advancements in instrumentation and monitoring. The devices could now measure pH precisely inside living cells thanks to unprecedented miniaturization. There are sensors specifically made to determine the pH of semi-solid compounds, such as foodstuffs and liquids. They are clog-resistant, feature electrode materials compatible with food ingredients, have acceptable and friendly tips for food ingredients, and have tips developed for the penetration of semi-solid substances. 

The pH scale has a spectrum of 1 to 14. The hydrogen ion concentration increases by a factor of 10 with every unit pH decrease. The hydrogen ion concentration increases by 100 when the pH changes by two components. This connection requires the pH scale to be logarithmic. Measuring the pH of almost every solution is essential while conducting several tests. Normally, pH is evaluated with pH paper or litmus paper. This method, dubbed the reference image, identifies pH variations by altering the color of litmus paper. For accurate pH measurement, a device known as a pH meter is used. The pH meter uses potentiometry to operate. A pH meter has many parts, starting with an electrode, a reference electrode, a meter, a temperature probe, a power source, a case, a sample chamber, a calibration solution, an amplifier, etc. A pH meter should be corrected and adjusted regularly to help ensure that it delivers accurate readings. A solution’s pH value measures how basic or acidic it is, and even small pH adjustments can greatly affect processes like chemical reactions, plant development, and water treatment. Correspondingly, being able to test pH appropriately is important.

The cost is different for every pH meter. The prices range from Rs. 500 to Rs. 13,000. It depends on what kind of pH meter you are looking for. You can buy from many brands, like Cole-Parmer, Extech, Jenway, Mettler Toledo, etc. I hope this gave you some insight into pH meters and their prices.